How prayer times are actually calculated.
The five daily prayers are anchored to the sun. Dhuhr begins when the sun crosses the local meridian, Maghrib at sunset, and Asr when an object's shadow equals its own length (or twice its length in the Hanafi school, which is why this tool offers both). Fajr and Isha are the subtle ones: they begin at dawn and dusk twilight, defined by how far the sun sits below the horizon. Different authorities have adopted slightly different twilight angles, and that is the entire reason "calculation methods" exist.
The UAE's default here (used by IACAD in Dubai) places Fajr and Isha at 18.2° of solar depression. Saudi Arabia's Umm al-Qura uses 18.5° for Fajr and fixes Isha at 90 minutes after Maghrib. The Muslim World League (18°/17°) is a common worldwide default, Egypt uses 19.5°/17.5°, Karachi 18°/18°, and ISNA in North America 15°/15°. None of them is "wrong": pick the method your local authority follows. At latitudes above about 48°, twilight can persist all night in summer, so a high-latitude rule caps Fajr and Isha at sensible fractions of the night.
The Qibla is the great-circle bearing from your coordinates to the Kaaba in Makkah (21.42°N, 39.83°E), the shortest path over the curve of the Earth. That is why the Qibla from New York points northeast, not southeast as a flat map suggests. The Hijri calendar shown here is the calculated Umm al-Qura calendar used for civil purposes in Saudi Arabia and much of the Gulf; because months traditionally begin with the sighted crescent, the announced religious date can lead or trail the calculated one by a day, especially around Ramadan and the two Eids.
Everything on this page, from solar geometry to the compass dial, is computed in your browser. Your location is never uploaded, nothing is tracked, and once the page has loaded it keeps working with no connection at all. Treat the results as reliable estimates, and verify adhan times with your mosque or national authority.